Ngā Pōro Takirere: Te Kaupapa Tika o te Mahi a te Takirere Pōro

He aha ngā Pōro Takirere?

Ko te wāhanga matua o tētahitakirere pōroko te pōro takirere (te porowhita takirere pōro rānei). Ko tōna hoahoa te mea e whakatau tika ana i te mahi hiri o te takirere, te kaha whakahaere rere, me te roa o te mahi.

Āhua me te Tika:

Ko ngā pōro paerewa he hoahoa poka-katoa, poka-iti rānei. He rite te whānui o te poka o te pōro poka-katoa ki te whānui o roto o te paipa (hei tauira, he pōro 2 Inihi te whānui, he poka 2 Inihi), kia tata kore ai te ātete rere. Me eke te tika o te mīhini ki te taumata IT6-IT7 (e ai ki te ISO 286), me te taratara o te mata ≤0.8μm (Ra) hei whakaiti i te kakahu me te whakarite kia maeneene te mahi.

Te Tūranga o ngā Pōro Takirere

Ko ngā pōro takirere te huānga matua mō te hiri me te whakahaere rere i roto i te takirere pōro. Mā te huri i te pōro 90 nekehanga ka huaki, ka kati rānei i te ara rere. Ko te tino tika o te mata me te hanganga o ngā rauemi he mea nui mō te kati i te turuturu me te whakahaere rere.

Ngā Rauemi Pōro Takirere

Kowiri tira (304/316):

He tino ātete ki te waikura, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi matū, hinu-matū, me te tukatuka kai.

Te maitai waro me te whakakikorua nikara:

He otinga utu-pai e whakarato ana i te ārai waikura taurite, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha wai pēhanga iti.

Uku (hei tauira, Alumina, Zirconia):

He ātete tino pai ki te pakū, te waikura, me ngā pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 1200°C), engari he nui ake te pakarukaru (e tohutoro ana ki "Valve Engineering Handbooks"). He pai mō ngā mahi paru kino me ngā mahi pāmahana teitei.

Ngā momo pōro takirere

Pōro O-Port:

He pōro porowhita paerewa me te pū kōhao porotaka, e whakamahia ana i roto i te nuinga o ngā takirere pōro mānu me ngā takirere porowhita.

Pōro Tauranga-V:

He kōhao āhua-V kei roto i te poka, e āhei ai te whakahaere rere tika (e tohuhia ana e te āhuatanga ōrau rere ōrite), e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā takirere pōro V-port.

Pōro Tauranga-C:

He pū kōhao te āhua, he rite ki te "C", e whakamahia ana mō ngā tono maha-pūnga motuhake.

Pōro U-Port:

He pū kōhao te āhua, he rite ki te "U", e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā takirere maha-pūnga mō ngā whakaritenga whakawhiti rere motuhake.

Pōro Mānu:

Kāore te pōro e piri ā-mīhini ki te kakau, engari e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pēhanga o raro hei pana i te pōro ki te nohoanga hei hiri. He mea noa i ngā rahi iti ake.

Pōro Whakamau (Whakapūmau) kua Mau ki te Pūnaha:

E tautokona ana te pōro e ngā peera trunnion i te tihi me te raro, e whakaiti ana i te taipana whakahaere me te kawenga nohoanga, he mea tino nui i roto i ngā tono pēhanga teitei me te whānui nui.

Pōro Ara-Toru:

Pōro T-Port:

Ka ārahi i te rere i waenga i ngā tauranga e rua, ka taea rānei te aukati i te rere katoa.

Pōro Tauranga-L:

Ka hono i te tauranga waenga ki tētahi o ngā tauranga taha e rua, engari kaua e hono katoa i te wā kotahi.

Tuhipoka Hira: Pōro Totoka, Pōro Kohao rānei

Ko ētahi kaihanga, inā koa i Haina, e hanga ana i ngā pōro takirere tuwhera hei huarahi penapena utu.

He iti ake te pēhanga o ngā pōro tuwhera nā te mea he kōhao o roto, ā, kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa o te API 6D (Pipeline Valves).

Me whakaū mārama ngā kaimahi hoko me ngā kaimahi tirotiro ki te kaihanga mēnā he totoka, he kau rānei ngā pōro takirere e tukuna ana. He nui te mōrearea ki te haumaru mēnā ka whakamahia ngā pōro kau i roto i ngā tono pēhanga.

Te Mīhini Pōro Takirere me te Maimoatanga Mata

Hei whakarite i te pakeke o te pōro takirere, te roa ake o te ora o te takirere, me te whakapakari ake i te ātete ki te kakahu, ka whakamahia pinepinetia ngā maimoatanga mata motuhake (ngā paninga):

Te Whakapakari:

Mā ngā tikanga pēnei i te Stellite overlay (hei tauira, Stellite 6, 21), ngā koranu NiCrBSi (hei tauira, Ni60), ngā paninga Tungsten Carbide (WC) rānei ka tino whakanui ake i te pakeke o te mata me te ātete ki te pakū.

Ngā Koranu Chrome-Teitei:

Ka whakaratohia e ngā paninga pēnei i te 13Cr he ātete nui ake ki te waikura me te horo.

He mea nui te huri me te whakapiripiri tika (muri i te paninga mēnā ka whakamahia) kia tutuki ai te āhua mata e hiahiatia ana (Ra ≤0.8μm) me te porowhita mō te hiri tino pai.

Te Taunekeneke o te Pōro Takirere me ētahi atu Wāhanga (Ngā Nohoanga Takirere)

Ko te mahi a te takirere pōro e whakawhirinaki ana ki te taunekeneke tika i waenga i te pōro takirere, ngā nohoanga, me te kakau.

Ngā Pūnaha Hiri Pōro me te Nohoanga

Nohoanga Ngāwari (PTFE/Elastomers pēnei i te NBR, EPDM):

He tino iti ngā reiti turuturu (≤10⁻⁶ m³/s, ISO 5208 Akomanga A).

Te awhe pāmahana iti (te nuinga o te wā ≤200°C).

He tino pai mō te aukati pūmau i ngā ratonga ma.

Nohoanga Whakarewa (hei tauira, Stellite, 316SS, Mata Mārō):

He pai mō ngā pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 540°C+) me ngā mahi whakakoi/waikura.

He teitei ake te tere turuturu tuatahi i ngā nohoanga ngohengohe engari ka iti te turuturu (Akomanga B/C/D) i muri i te whakapiri tika o te pōro me te nohoanga ki ngā whakaotinga tino angiangi (Ra ≤0.4μm).

He mea nui mō ngā mahi haumaru ahi.

Ngā Pōro Takirere i roto i ngā Takirere Pōro Mānu me ngā Takirere Pōro Maukati Trunnion

E rua ngā momo takirere matua e tautuhia ana e te tikanga tautoko pōro:

Ngā Takirere Pōro Mānu (≤DN200 te nuinga):

Ka mānu noa te pōro i raro i te wai. Ka panaia te pōro e te pēhanga pūnaha ki te nohoanga o raro hei hanga i tētahi hiri.

He iti ake te taipana whakahaere (hei tauira, ≤50N·m mō ngā tātaitanga DN100 mō ia API 6D).

Herenga: Ka ngāwari ki te nui rawa o te kawenga nohoanga, ā, ka "raru" pea i raro i te pēhanga teitei; ko te tikanga he iti noa ki ngā whakatauranga PN40 (Akomanga 300).

Ngā Takirere Pōro e Mau ana ki te Trunnion (Mō te Pēhanga Teitei me te Pūngao Nui):

Kua mau te pōro ki ngā whāriki trunnion. He puna te utaina o ngā nohoanga, ā, he pēhanga kei runga i te pōro.

E whakarato ana i te hiri tino pono, te taipana mahi iti rawa (ina koa mō ngā rahi nui), me te pai mō ngā pēhanga tino teitei (PN100 / Akomanga 600 me runga ake).

Te Whakamahinga Noa: Ngā paipa hinu me te hau tino nui (hei tauira, ngā takirere turnion DN300 kua whakatauria mō te 10MPa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kaupapa nui pēnei i te Paipa Hau o te Uru-Rawhiti).

Ngā Pōro Takirere i roto i ngā Takirere Pōro Nohoanga-Metara, me ngā Takirere Pōro Nohoanga-Ngāwari

He hononga tata te whiriwhiri i te rauemi pōro me te maimoatanga mata ki te momo nohoanga:

Ngā Takirere Noho Ngāwari:

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā pōro maitai kore waikura (304/316) paerewa. Ka ngāwari te piri o te nohoanga ngohengohe ki te mata o te pōro.

Ngā Takirere Noho-Metara:

Me whakamārō ngā pōro (hei tauira, mā roto i te whakamaroke pēnei i te Stellite, te WC rānei) kia tu atu ai i te ahotea nui o te pa atu me te karawarawa ki te nohoanga whakarewa rite tonu te mārō. He mea nui te taurite tika o te whakaotinga mata.

Whakataurite Raraunga Taupānga Ahumahi

Te Tiaki: Ngā Tohu Whakatūpato mō te Kino o te Pōro

Te Hōhonutanga o te Rakuraku >0.1mm:

He tohu tēnei i te kino nui o te mata e whakararuraru ana i te hiri; me whakakapi te pōro (e ai ki te aratohu ASME B16.34).

Te Pikinga o te Taipana Whakahaere >20%:

He tohu pea mō te whakapakeketanga/te āhua o te nohoanga, te nui rawa o te waku, te rerekētanga rānei o te pōro e tika ana kia tirotirohia.

Whakamutunga: Te Taupoki Mahi

Ko te hoahoa, te whiriwhiri rauemi, me te tika o te hanga o te pōro takirere te mea nui hei whakatau i ngā rohe mahi ("tuanui") o tētahi takirere pōro. Mai i te whiriwhiri i te koranu me te paninga tino pai ki te hono atu ki te pūnaha hiri tika, me tino whakataurite ia taahiraa ki ngā tikanga ratonga motuhake. Ahakoa ngā rerekētanga iti o te kounga pōro, te hototahi rānei, ka taea te arahi ki te pakaru wawe o te takirere. Ko te haumi ki ngā pōro takirere tino pono he mea nui mō te haumaru, te pono, me te roa o te ora i roto i ngā tono uaua.