Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Tauhou Takirua Mahi-Teitei: Te Hanga Haumaru Ahi me te Kore-Taupatu i roto i ngā Raina Tukanga Tino Kino

Kupu Whakataki

I roto i ngā mahi tukatuka matū hou, te whakamahine hinu me te hau, me ngā whatunga paipa ahumahi taumaha, ko te hiahia mō ngā takirere wehewehe kiato, māmā kua akiaki i tētahi panonitanga nui o ngā whakaritenga. Kua roa ngā takirere kuaha me ngā takirere pōro e whiriwhiria ana mō te kati pūmau, engari ko tō rātou taumaha, te rahi o te kōpaki, me ngā utu whakaoho i ngā diameter nui ake he arai ōhanga tūturu. Ko te urupare a te ahumahi ko tetakirere pūrerehua mahi teitei.

I roto i ēnei, ko tetakirere pūrerehua rerekē takirua—e kiia ana hoki ko te takirere pūrerehua takirua-whakarerekētanga—kua noho hei paerewa hangarau mō ngā tono e pā ana ki ngā pēhanga teitei, ngā pāmahana tino nui, me ngā mea hurihuri. Ina whakamahia ki ngā taiao hauwaiwai morearea, ehara i te mea whiriwhiri te whakauru i te hangarau hiri haumaru-ahi ka taea te manatoko; he ture tutuki i te ture e aro ana ki te tiaki i ngā kaimahi me te aukati i ngā aituā kino o te whare whakarewa.

1. Te Āhuahanga o te Āhuatanga Takirua

Ko ngā takirere pūrerehua porowhita paerewa—ko te wāhi e tika ana te taha o te kakau mā waenganui o te kōpae me te nohoanga—ka pāngia e te pakū tonu, te waku nui puta noa i te hurihanga 90°. Ka hua ake tēnei i te tere o te kakahu o te nohoanga, te haehae ā-rohe, me te kaha o te taipana mahi.

Ka arohia tēnei raruraru waku e te takirere pūrerehua rerekē takirua mā roto i ngā rerekētanga āhuahanga e rua:

Taurite TuatahiKei muri i te papa hiri o te nohoanga takirere te pou. Mā tēnei ka taea e te kōpae te hiri tonu puta noa i te rohe 360° katoa.

Taurite TuaruaKa wehea te kakau ki te taha mai i te rārangi pokapū o te poka paipa.

Te Pānga Camming

Ka honoa ēnei āputaputa e rua, ka hangaia he mea e kiia ana e ngā miihini he mahi rite ki te cam. Ina tīmata te whakatuwheratanga o te takirere, ka ara ake te kōpae i te nohoanga i roto i te 1° ki te 3° tuatahi o te hurihanga. Mō te 95% pea o te nekehanga o te takirere, kāore he pā i waenganui i te kōpae me te nohoanga. Ka whakaitihia te waku, ka whakaitihia te taipana mahi, ā, ka roa ake te ora mahi o ngā nohoanga elastomer ngohengohe, polymer rānei—pērā i te PTFE me te RTFE.

E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga o te mara, ko te roa o te ora o ngā takirere pūrerehua takirua e tika ana te tiaki ka eke ki te 15 ki te 20 tau i roto i ngā tono pēhanga-waenga, ā, ko ētahi hoahoa e neke atu ana i te 1 miriona huringa mahi. Ko te whakaiti i te waku ka hua ake hoki he iti ake te auau tiaki—ko te roa o te ora o te nohoanga takirere he toru ki te rima ngā wā roa atu i te roa o ngā hoahoa takitahi e.

2. Hoahoa Nohoanga Haumaru-Ahi

I roto i ngā whare hanga hinu me ngā whare matū, me mau tonu te hiri o ngā paipa ahakoa kua tahuna e te ahi tipu kua tino whanake. Ko te whakatutuki i te tūnga haumaru ahi tūturu me whai whirihoranga nohoanga rua tino motuhake.

Kei roto i te whakaritenga nohoanga haumaru-ahi e rua ngā huānga hiri e mahi ana i te raupapa:

Mahi Noa (Hiri Ngāwari te Mana):

I raro i ngā tikanga whakahaere paerewa, ko te nohoanga PTFE, RTFE, Devlon rānei pakari te mea matua hei hiri, e hono katoa ana ki te taha o te kōpae hei aukati i te mirumiru kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga API 598, ISO 5208 Rate A rānei. I tēnei aratau, ka tutuki i te takirere te mahi kore-taunga.

Te Whakatūpatotanga ki te Ahi (Te Mau o te Hiri Whakarewa):

Ina neke atu te pāmahana o te taiao i te 540°C (1,000°F) i te wā e mura ana te tipu, ka ngawari te nohoanga ngohengohe tuatahi, ka pirau, ā, ka mutu ka tahuna. I tēnei wā, ka piko te nohoanga whakarewa tuarua kua utaina i mua—he mea hanga mai i te Inconel 718, i te 625 rānei—i raro i te pēhanga raina, ka hiri ki te taha kōpae, ka whakatū he ārai whakarewa-ki-whakarewa. Ko ētahi hoahoa e whakamahi ana i te nohoanga tuatahi RPTFE me te tārua Inconel 625, kua whakatauria ki te API 607 ​​Putanga 6.

Mā tēnei ārai tuarua o te konganuku-ki-konganuku ka tutuki ngā paerewa whakamātautau ahi pakari tae atu ki te API 607 ​​me te ISO 10497 (i mua ko te BS 6755 Wāhanga 2). E hiahiatia ana e te API 607 ​​kia hurihia te takirere (kia whakatuwheratia, kia katihia) i te wā o te whakamātautau ahi hei manatoko kei te mahi tonu te tikanga i te wā e tahuna ana e te mura. Ka whakaatuhia te takirere ki te 750–1,000°C mō te 30 meneti, me ngā rohe turuturu kua tohua mō ngā wāhanga whakamātao ahi me te whakamatao i muri i te ahi.

He mea tika kia mōhiotia ko te tiwhikete haumaru-ahi e pā ana ki te hoahoa takirere, ehara i te mea ki ngā takirere takitahi. Kia paahitia e te hoahoa te whakamātautau API 607, ka whakamanahia ngā takirere katoa o taua whānau hoahoa me te kore he whakamātautau ahi takitahi.

3. Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Matapōkere Mahi-Teitei vs. Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Matapōkere Paerewa

Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere hokohoko e arotake ana i ngā whakatakotoranga ratonga ka whakamatautauria i ētahi wā ki te tohu i ngā takirere pūrerehua porowhita e pai ana te tahua. Heoi, ko te kaha o te mahi a ngā paipa pēhanga teitei me te ratonga nui e hiahia ana ki te pakari ā-pūkaha o te takirere pūrerehua mahi teitei.

Ko te API 641, i whakaputaina tuatahitia i te tau 2016, e whakahaere ana i ngā whakamātautau tukunga rerenga mō ngā takirere huri-hauwhā tae atu ki ngā momo pūrerehua, pōro, me te mono. E 610 ngā huringa miihini me ngā huringa wera e toru, me ngā inenga hihiri me ngā inenga tūmau.

4. Te Rahi o te Actuator me ngā Pānga Utu

Nā te mea ka whakakorehia e te āhuahanga taurite-rua te waku tōia e noho ana i roto i ngā hoahoa porowhita, ka tino hurihia te āhua taipana o te takirere.

I roto i te takirere pūrerehua rerekē takirua, ka puta te taipana tihi i te 5° whakamutunga o te katinga anake—e kiia nei e ngā miihini ko tete taipana nohoangaHe tino iti te taipana e rere ana—te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei neke i te kōpae i te toenga o te hurihanga.

Mō ngā takahuri aunoa, ka puta mai he painga ōhanga nui mai i tēnei kōtaha taipana:

• Ngā Pūwhakaoho Iti AkeKa taea e koe te whakaiti i te rahi o ngā pūkaha hau, ngā motuka hiko maha-hurihanga rānei mā te 20% ki te 35% ki te whakataurite ki te takirere pōro, ki te takirere porowhita rānei kāore i te tino tika te whakaritenga. E ai ki ētahi puna he 30% ki te 50% te iti iho o ngā whakaritenga taipana i ngā takirere pūrerehua raina waenga.

•Te Whakaiti i te TapuwaeKa māmā ake te paheke o ngā whata paipa nā te iti o ngā whakaterenga, ā, ka iti ake hoki ngā utu tautoko hanganga mō ngā whata paipa.

•Te Whakamahinga Pūngao ItiHe iti ake te rahinga hau whakahaere e hiahiatia ana mō ngā pūwhakaoho puna hau, ka whakaitihia te kawenga mahi whānui i runga i ngā teihana kōpeke.

He aratohu mahi mō te whiriwhiri i te kaiwhakaoho: mēnā he 80 Nm te taipana e hiahiatia ana mō te takirere, me 100 Nm, neke atu rānei te rahi o te kaiwhakaoho, me te whakamahi i tētahi tauwehe haumaru. Ko ngā āhuatanga taipana iti o ngā hoahoa takirua rerekē te tikanga ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei tauwehe haumaru ki tētahi turanga iti ake i te mea e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi takirere porowhita.

5. Kōwhiringa Rauemi me ngā Whakaaro mō te Whakamahinga

Ka taea te whakamahi i te takirere pūrerehua rerekē takirua puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga mahi, mena ka tīpakohia ngā rauemi i te huarahi tika.

Ngā Rauemi Tinana:

Ko ngā kōwhiringa noa ko te rino ngāwari, te maitai whakarewa (WCB), me te maitai kore waikura (CF8M). Mō ngā ratonga matū me te wai moana kaha, kei te wātea ngā koranu super duplex me ngā koranu nikara.

Ngā Kōwhiringa Nohoanga:

Mā ngā nohoanga ngohengohe (PTFE, RTFE, Devlon) ka ārai i te mirumiru mō ngā mahi tukatuka whānui. Mā ngā nohoanga whakarewa (Inconel, Stellite) ka taea te whakaroa i te pāmahana ki te 600°C, ā, he haumaru hoki ki te ahi.

Ngā Rauemi Kōpae:

Kei roto i ngā kōwhiringa ko te rino ngāwari kua pania ki te epoxy ki te SS304, SS316, me te maitai takirua.

Mō te mahi paru whakakoi—pērā i te keri paru, te pungarehu rere, te bauxite rānei—he painga ngā hoahoa takirua rerekē ki ngā takirere porowhita nā te mea ka tangohia e te mahi kamera o te kōpae ngā pāpāho mai i te atanga hiri, ka whakaiti i te mauheretanga o ngā matūriki me te kino o te nohoanga. Mō ngā tono LNG cryogenic, mā ngā rauemi kua rongoatia motuhake me ngā tukanga whakamatao hohonu ka taea te mahi pono ki raro ki te −196°C.

Te mahi tahi me NSW: Te Whakapono ki te Hangarau

Ahakoa kei te hoahoa koe i tētahi whare whakapai hinu, i tētahi papa keri moana, i tētahi waeine tukatuka matū nui rānei, ko te whiriwhiri i te whakatakotoranga takirere tika ka whakatau i te roa o te mahi a te tipu me te mahi haumaru.

I te Kamupene Valve o NSW (nswvalve.com), ka hangaia e mātou ngā takirere pūrerehua takirua kua whakamanahia ki te API 607, he haumaru ki te ahi, he mea hanga mō ngā āhuatanga tino uaua o te tipu. Ka whakamahia e ā mātou whare hanga e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ISO te Tāutu Rauemi Pai (PMI), te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro (NDE), me te miihini CNC tika hei tuku i ngā takirere me te mahi kore-turuturu, te taipana whakahaere iti, me te whai i ngā mahi whakarewa katoa.

He whānuitanga o ngā whirihoranga nohoanga e tukuna ana e mātou—he nohoanga ngohengohe hei whakaweto i te mirumiru, he nohoanga haumaru mō te mahi hauwaiwai, me te nohoanga whakarewa mō ngā mahi pāmahana teitei—e wātea ana katoa me te whakamahi ā-ringa, taputapu, hau, hiko rānei.

Whakapā mai ki tā mātou tīma hangarau inswvalve.comi tēnei rā hei tuku i ō pepa raraunga, hei matapaki i ngā whirihoranga koranu ritenga (pēnei i a Super Duplex, Monel rānei), hei tono rānei i ā mātou pūrongo whakamātautau API 607 ​​mana.

Ngā Tohutoro Hangarau

•API 607Whakamātautau Ahi mō ngā Takirere Huri-Hauwhā me ngā Takirere e Whakaritea ana ki ngā Nohoanga Kore-Whakarewa

•API 609Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua: Momo Takirua, Momo Waewae me te Momo Wafer

•API 641Te Whakamātautau Tukunga Rere mō ngā Takirere Huri-Hauwhā

•ISO 10497Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau Momo Ahi mō ngā Takirere

•ISO 15848-1Ngā Takirere Ahumahi—Ngā Tukanga Ine, Whakamātautau me te Tohu mō ngā Tukunga Rere

•ASME B16.34: Ngā Takirere—He Miro, he Wīra, he Pito Whakarewa