E rua ngā wāhanga o te ahumahi penupenu me te pepa: te penupenu me te hanga pepa. Ko te tukanga penupenu he tukanga e whakaritea ai, e tunua ai, e horoia ai, e whakamahanatia ai, me ērā atu mea anō hoki tētahi rauemi whai muka pēnei i tētahi rauemi, hei hanga penupenu ka taea te whakamahi mō te hanga pepa. I roto i te tukanga hanga pepa, ka whakaranua, ka rere, ka pēhi, ka whakamaroke, ka takai te paru i tukuna mai i te tari penupenu hei hanga pepa kua oti. Hei tāpiri, ka whakahokia mai e te wāhanga whakaora kawakawa te wai kawakawa i roto i te wai pango i tukuna i muri i te penupenu hei whakamahi anō. Ka tukatukahia e te tari maimoatanga wai para te wai para i muri i te hanga pepa kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa tukunga ā-motu e tika ana. He mea nui ngā tukanga rerekē o te hanga pepa i runga ake nei hei whakahaere i te takirere whakahaere.
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