He aha te takirere whakaora pēhanga?
He taputapu haumaru aunoa te Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga (PRV) i hangaia hei tiaki i ngā pūnaha, ngā taputapu, me ngā paipa kua katihia mai i ngā kino i puta mai i te pēhanga nui rawa. Kei roto ko ngā puna kua whakatikatikaina me ngā wāhanga whakahaere waipēhi. Ina tae te pēhanga o te pūnaha ki te paepae kua whakaritea i mua i te takirere, ka whakahohe te takirere hei tuku i te pēhanga nui rawa.
He pēhea te mahi a te takirere whakaiti pēhanga?
Ina nui ake te pēhanga mamaoa i raro i te kōpae takirere i te kaha pēhanga o te puna, ka ara ake te kōpae. Ina whakatuwheratia, ka pā te mamaoa kua tukuna ki te mowhiti pupuri kōpae mā te kaha tauhohenga o te mowhiti whakatikatika o raro, ka tere te whakatuwheratanga katoa. I te piki haere o te kōpae, ka pā te mamaoa ki te mowhiti whakatikatika o runga, ka huri poutū te rere ki raro. Ka panaia te kōpae ki runga e te pana tauhohenga hua, ka mau tonu te teitei o te hiki i roto i te awhe pēhanga motuhake. I te putanga mai o ngā putunga pēhanga, ka heke haere te pēhanga o te pūnaha. Kātahi ka hinga te kaha puna i te pēhanga mamaoa me te pana tauhohenga, ka kati pai te takirere.
Te Mahi o te Takirere Whakaora: Te Kaupapa Matua me te Hiranga
Ko te mahi matua o te Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga (e kiia ana he Takirere Haumaru) ko te ārai i te pēhanga nui rawa i roto i ngā rohe pēhanga teitei o te pūnaha, me te tiaki i te pono o ngā taputapu. Mā te whakahaere motuhake i te pēhanga, ka tukuna e ngā PRV te wai ina tae ki te pēhanga nui, ka pupuri i te pēhanga mahi i roto i ngā rohe haumaru. Mā tēnei ka whakarite i te pumau o te mahi a ngā taputapu, ka ārai i te pakaru nā te pēhanga nui rawa, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā turuturu puta noa i te pūnaha, i ngā raruraru mahi rānei.
Te Hiranga Nui o ngā Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā PRV i roto i ngā pūnaha ahumahi. Ki te kore ēnei, ka taea e ngā pikinga pēhanga rerekē i roto i ngā pūnaha pēhanga teitei te pakaru kino o ngā paipa, te whakangaromanga o ngā taputapu, me ngā tūponotanga haumaru nui. Ka hua ake ēnei pakarutanga i ngā mate pūtea nui me ngā mōrearea haumaru e kore e taea te tatau. Nō reira, he mea nui te whiriwhiri tika i te PRV, te tirotiro auau, te tiaki, me te whakakapinga i ngā waeine hapa i te wā tika.
Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga Haumaru: Ngā Kupu me te Whānuitanga
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te "Tapare Haumaru" e kapi ana i ngā tapare whakaora pēhanga. Heoi, e kī ana ngā whakamāramatanga ture ko ngā tapare e tāuta tika ana ki ngā kohua mamaoa, ki ngā oko pēhanga Akomanga I rānei – e hiahia ana kia whakamanahia e te tinana whakahaere – ka kiia ko ngā Tapare Haumaru. Ko ētahi ka whakarōpūtia whānuitia ko ngā Tapare Whakaora, ko ngā Tapare Whakaora Pēhanga rānei.
Takirere Haumaru me te Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga: Ngā Rerekētanga Matua
Ahakoa he rite te hanganga me te mahi (e rua ngā mea e tukuna aunoa ana ina nui ake te pēhanga kua whakaritea), he rerekē ngā Takirere Haumaru me ngā Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga e ai ki te ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Wāhanga I:
Takirere HaumaruHe takirere pēhanga e whakaatu ana i te mahi "pakū" (tuwhera tere). E whakamahia ana mō te ratonga hau, te mamaoa rānei.
Takirere Whakaora (Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga)He takirere e pēhia ana e te pēhanga e tuwhera ana i runga i te ōritetanga o te nui ake o te pēhanga i te pūwāhi kua whakaritea. E whakamahia ana mō te mahi wai (wai).
Ahakoa ēnei whakamāramatanga, kei te mau tonu te pōhēhētanga nā te taupatupatu o ngā mahi me te whakamahinga whakawhiti i roto i ētahi whakatakotoranga o te tipu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka ara ake ai ngā raruraru whakahaere.
Ngā Mātāpono Kōwhiringa Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga
He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te momo takirere tika mō te haumaru me te mahi:
1. Ngā Kohua Kohu:Whakamahia ngā takirere haumaru tuwhera, utaina ki te puna, me te hiki katoa i te nuinga o te wā.
2. Ratonga Wai:Ko te tikanga me whakamahi i ngā takirere haumaru utaina-puna iti-hiki (ngā takirere whakaora).
3. Ratonga Hau/Hau:Whakamahia ngā takirere whakaora pēhanga kua kati, kua utaina ki te puna, kua kī tonu i te hiki.
4. Ngā Tāke LPG (Rori/Rerewē):Me whai takirere whakaora pēhanga kua mau ki roto, kia piki katoa.
5. Ngā Putanga Puna Hinu:I te nuinga o te wā ka hiahiatia ngā takirere whakaora pēhanga e whakahaerehia ana e te pailate.
6. Te Arai Pēhanga-Teitei o te Whare Hiko Mamao:Whakamahia ngā Takirere Whakahaere-Pairata me ngā mahi haumaru me te whakahaere kua whakakotahihia.
7. Te Whakaritenga Whakamātautau Auau:Ko ngā takirere e hiahia ana kia whakamātautauhia ā-ringa, me whakamahi he rīwhi (taputapu hiki). Mā tēnei ka taea te hiki wāhanga i te pēhanga kua whakaritea ≥75% hei manatoko i te mahi.
8. Ratonga Pāmahana-Teitei (>300°C mō ngā takirere kua kati, >350°C mō ngā takirere tuwhera):Me whakamahi ngā takirere me ngā totohu whakamahana/ngā tara whakamatao.
Ngā Paerewa o te Takirere Haumaru: Ngā Anga Ao
Ko ngā paerewa whakahaere matua ko:
JB/T 2203-1999 (Haina – Whānui):
He paerewa ā-rohe noa mō ngā inenga o te takirere haumaru puna. Kei reira ngā herenga (te mōrahi DN200 mō te hiki-katoa, DN100 mō te hiki-iti, ngaro te DN65/DN125). He maha ngā wā ka nui ake ngā herenga rahi i ngā mahi ahumahi (tae atu ki te DN250 hiki-iti, DN400 hiki-katoa). Ko ngā inenga flange kāore i te ōrite (hei tauira, ngā momo DN150) me whakahou i te paerewa kia taea ai te whakawhiti.
API 526 (US – Ngā Takirere Whakarara):
Paerewa mō ngā taputapu matū/petrochem kawemai. E kapi ana i te DN25-DN200 (1″-8″), 2-42MPa, ngā rahi korokoro DT (9.5-146mm). He mea tautuhi pūtaiao ngā whakaritenga mā te rahi korokoro. Kei te piki haere te rongonui i Haina mā te hokohoko/taputapu ā-rohe. Kāore anō kia waiho hei paerewa ā-motu o Haina.
Ngā Takirere Whakahaere-Pairata (Tauira Anderson Greenwood):
E whakamahia nuitia ana mō te kaha nui, te rerekētanga mahi iti, te turuturu tata-kore, me te kore aro ki te pēhanga whakamuri (hei tauira, ngā paipa hau māori). Kāore i te whai i ngā paerewa Hainamana motuhake; ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga e whai ana i ngā hoahoa a Anderson Greenwood. He hiahia nui mō ngā paerewa ā-rohe (hei tauira, nā te HF General Machinery Research Institute).
Raupapa HT (Te Whare Rangahau Ātea 11 – Haina):
He pūnaha ahurei tae atu ki te HTO (paerewa), te HTB (pūhau taurite), te HTR (pūhautanga), te HTN (motuhake), te HTGS (mamahu tino-kaha), te HTXY (wai), te HTXD (whakahaerehia e te paerata). He rite ngā rahinga o te HTXD ki a Anderson Greenwood; he rerekē ētahi atu i ngā paerewa API/JB. He mea nui kia manatokohia te hototahitanga i te wā e tīpakohia ana.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga haumaru matua ngā Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga, e ārai ana i te kino o ngā taputapu me te whakarite i te pumau o te pūnaha mā te whakahaere i te pēhanga nui. Ko tā rātou mahi nui i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi ka pā tika ki te hua me ngā putanga haumaru. Me whakarite e ngā whakahaere te kōwhiringa PRV tika, te tāutanga tika, ngā wā tiaki pakari, me te whakakapinga matatau kia mau ai te mahi pono, haumaru, me te whai hua o te pūnaha.
Wā tuku: Hurae-29-2025